Polarizer

ABSTRACT

Provided are a polarizing plate and a display. The illustrative polarizing plate may exhibit desired characteristics in a wide range of wavelengths, and have excellent reflection and visibility at an inclined angle. For example, the polarizing plate may be used in a reflective or transflective liquid crystal display or an organic light emitting device.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates to a polarizing plate and a display.

BACKGROUND

A polarizing plate having a structure in which a polarizer and aretardation film are stacked may be used to prevent reflection ofexternal light or ensure visibility in a display, for example, a liquidcrystal display or an organic light emitting device.

Here, a retardation film is a ½ or ¼ wavelength retardation filmdepending on retardation characteristics. The ½ or ¼ wavelengthretardation films which have been known so far exhibit retardationdifferences according to wavelengths, and therefore are operated in alimited range of wavelengths. For example, in many cases, a film servingas a ¼ wavelength retardation film with respect to light having awavelength of 550 nm may not be operated with respect to light having awavelength of 450 or 650 nm.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENT

<Patent Document>

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Publ. No. 1996-321381

DESCRIPTION Technical Object

The present application provides a polarizing plate and a display.

Technical Solution

One illustrative polarizing plate may include a polarizer and aretardation layer. The retardation layer may be stacked on one side ofthe polarizer. FIG. 1 shows a polarizing plate including a polarizer 101and a retardation layer 102. The retardation layer may include auniaxial retardation film or biaxial retardation film. The retardationlayer may have a monolayer or multilayer structure.

The term “polarizer” used herein refers to an object distinguished froma polarizing plate. The term “polarizer” refers to a film, sheet orelement having a polarizing function, and the term “polarizing plate”refers to an object including the polarizer and other components stackedon one or both surfaces of the polarizer. Here, other components mayinclude, but are not limited to, a retardation layer and a polarizerprotective film.

The term “uniaxial retardation film” used herein refers to a layer,film, sheet or element in which two of a refractive index in the x axisdirection (hereinafter, Nx), a refractive index in the x axis direction(hereinafter, Ny) and a refractive index in the x axis direction(hereinafter, Nz) are the same, but the other refractive index isdifferent. The term “the same” used herein means substantially the same,and includes errors or deviations generated in a manufacturing process.Here, as shown in FIG. 2, the x axis refers to any one of in-planedirections of a film 100, the y axis refers to any one of in-planedirections of the film 100 vertical to the x axis, and the z axis refersto a normal direction of a plane formed by the x and y axes, that is, athickness direction of the retardation film 100. In one example, the xaxis may be a direction parallel to a slow axis of the retardation film,and the y axis may be a direction parallel to a fast axis of theretardation film. Unless particularly defined otherwise, the term“refractive index” used herein is a refractive index with respect tolight having a wavelength of approximately 550 nm.

In the specification, one of the uniaxial retardation films satisfyingFormula 1 is defined as a positive uniaxial retardation film, and onesatisfying Formula 2 is defined as a C plate.

Nx≠Ny=Nz  [Formula 1]

Nx=Ny≠Nz  [Formula 2]

The term “biaxial retardation film” used herein may refer to a layer,film, sheet or element having different refractive indexes in Nx, Ny andNz directions. One of the biaxial retardation films satisfying Formula 3may be defined as a positive biaxial retardation film, and onesatisfying Formula 4 may be defined as a negative biaxial retardationfilm.

Nx≠Ny<Nz  [Formula 3]

Nx≠Ny>Nz  [Formula 4]

In the specification, in-plane retardation (Rin) of a retardation layeror retardation film is calculated by Formula 5, and athickness-direction retardation (Rth) is calculated by Formula 6.

Rin=d×(Nx−Ny)  [Formula 5]

Rth=d×(Nz−Ny)  [Formula 6]

In Formulas 5 and 6, Rin is in-plane retardation, Rth is athickness-direction retardation, d is a thickness of a retardation layeror retardation film, and Nx, Ny and Nz are refractive indexes in x, yand z axes defined as described above, respectively.

The term “tilt angle” used herein refers to an angle between a normalline of a surface of a polarizing plate, a retardation layer or aretardation film and an observation direction, and the term “radialangle” used herein refers to an angle between projection of theobservation direction to the surface and a predetermined direction onthe surface. For example, in FIG. 3, when a plane (xy plane) formed bythe x and y axes is a surface of the polarizing plate, retardation layeror retardation film, the inclined angle is an angle (θ of FIG. 3) formedby the normal line of the xy plane, that is, the z axis of FIG. 3, andthe observation direction (P). In addition, the radial angle may referto an angle (φ of FIG. 3) formed by the x axis and projection of theobservation axis (P) to the xy plane.

The polarizer is a functional element capable of extracting lightvibrating in one direction from incident light vibrating in variousdirections. As the polarizer, a known linear absorbing polarizer may beused. As the polarizer, a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polarizer may beused. In one example, the polarizer included in the polarizing plate maybe a PVA film or sheet in which a dichroic pigment or iodine is adsorbedand oriented. The PVA may be obtained by gelating polyvinylacetate. Thepolyvinylacetate may be a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, and a copolymerof vinyl acetate and another monomer. Another monomer copolymerized withvinyl acetate may be one or at least two of an unsaturated carboxylicacid compound, an olefin compound, a vinyl ether compound, anunsaturated sulfonic acid compound, and an acrylamide compound having anammonium group. Generally, a degree of gelation of polyvinylacetate maybe approximately 85 to 100 mol % or 98 to 100 mol %. Generally, a degreeof polymerization of PVA of a linear polarizer may be approximately1,000 to 10,000 or 1,500 to 5,000.

The retardation layer included in the polarizing plate may have athickness-direction retardation of more than 0 nm to 300 nm. When theretardation layer has a multilayer structure including at least tworetardation films, and all of the at least two retardation films in themultilayered retardation layer have a thickness-direction retardation,the thickness-direction retardation may be the sum of thethickness-direction retardation of the retardation films. In anotherexample, the upper limit of the thickness-direction retardation of theretardation layer may be 270, 250, 240, 230, 220, 200, 190, 180, 170,160, 155, 150, 130, 120, 110, 100, 80 or 70 nm. In still anotherexample, the lower limit of the thickness-direction retardation of theretardation layer may be 5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 90 nm, 100nm, 110 nm, 120 nm or 150 nm. As the thickness-direction retardation inthe polarizing plate is controlled as described above, the polarizingplate may have excellent reflection and visibility, and particularly,excellent reflection and visibility at an inclined angle.

Accordingly, the polarizing plate may have a reflectivity measured at aninclined angle of 50 degrees of 12, 10, 8, 6 or 5% or less. Thereflectivity may be reflectivity with respect to light having any onewavelength in a visible light region, for example, light having any onewavelength in the range of 380 to 700 nm, or light included in theentire wavelengths of visible light. The reflectivity may be, forexample, reflectivity measured on a side of the polarizer of thepolarizing plate. The reflectivity is reflectivity measured at aspecific radial angle at an inclined angle of 50 degrees or a radialangle in a predetermined range, or a strength measured with respect toall radial angles at the inclined angle of 50 degrees, and a valuemeasured by a method to be described in the following Example.

The retardation layer included in the polarizing plate may have in-planeretardation in the range capable of exhibiting a ¼ wavelengthretardation characteristic. The term “n wavelength retardationcharacteristic” used herein may refer to a characteristic that incidentlight can be retarded n times a wavelength of the incident light in atleast a part of a wavelength range. In one example, the retardationlayer may have in-plane retardation with respect to light having awavelength of 550 nm of approximately 100 to 250 nm, 100 to 220 nm, 100to 200 nm or 140 to 170 nm. When the retardation layer has a multilayerstructure including at least two retardation films, and all of the atleast two retardation films have a thickness-direction retardation inthe multilayered retardation layer, the in-plane retardation of theretardation layer may be the sum of in-plane retardation of allretardation films.

In one example, the retardation layer may satisfy Formula 7.

R(450)/R(550)<R(650)/R(550)  [Formula 7]

In Formula 7, R(450) is in-plane retardation of the retardation layerwith respect to light having a wavelength of 450 nm, R(550) is in-planeretardation of the retardation layer with respect to light having awavelength of 550 nm, and R(650) is in-plane retardation of theretardation layer with respect to light having a wavelength of 650 nm.When the retardation layer has a multilayer structure including at leasttwo retardation films, and in the multilayered retardation layer, all ofthe at least two retardation films have in-plane retardation, thein-plane retardation of the retardation layer may be the sum of in-planeretardation of all retardation films.

The retardation layer satisfying Formula 7 may be a retardation layersatisfying a reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic, and theretardation may exhibit a retardation characteristic designed in a widerange of wavelengths. For example, the retardation layer may haveR(450)/R(550) of Formula 8 of 0.81 to 0.99, 0.82 to 0.98, 0.83 to 0.97,0.84 to 0.96, 0.85 to 0.95, 0.86 to 0.94, 0.87 to 0.93, 0.88 to 0.92 or0.89 to 0.91, and R(650)/R(550) of Formula 8, which has a larger valuethan the R(450)/R(550), of 1.01 to 1.19, 1.02 to 1.18, 1.03 to 1.17,1.04 to 1.16, 1.05 to 1.15, 1.06 to 1.14, 1.07 to 1.13, 1.08 to 1.12 or1.09 to 1.11. To make the retardation layer satisfy Formula 8, theretardation layer may be formed using a retardation film to be describedbelow, but the present application is not limited thereto.

In one example, the retardation layer may include a positive uniaxialretardation film and a C plate. That is, the retardation layer may be afilm in which the positive uniaxial retardation film and the C plate arestacked. When the retardation layer includes the positive uniaxialretardation film and the C plate, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, in apolarizing plate, a C plate 1021 may be disposed closer to an absorbingpolarizer 101 than a positive uniaxial retardation film 1022, or asshown in FIG. 5, a positive uniaxial retardation film 1022 may bedisposed closer to a polarizer 101 than a C plate 1021.

In the structure shown in FIG. 4, an angle between a slow axis of thepositive uniaxial retardation film and a light absorbing axis of theabsorbing polarizer may be, for example, approximately 30 to 60 or 40 to50 degrees, or approximately 45 degrees. In this arrangement, thepolarizing plate may exhibit suitable performance. In the structureshown in FIG. 4, a thickness-direction retardation of the C plate may bein the same range as the thickness-direction retardation of theretardation layer described above, for example, approximately 0 to 200nm or more than 0 to 200 nm. In addition, in the structure of FIG. 4,in-plane retardation of the positive uniaxial retardation film may be inthe same range as the in-plane retardation of the retardation layerdescribed above.

In the structure shown in FIG. 5, an angle between a slow axis of thepositive uniaxial retardation film and a light absorbing axis of theabsorbing polarizer may be, for example, approximately 30 to 60 or 40 to50 degrees, or approximately 45 degrees. In this arrangement, thepolarizing plate may exhibit suitable performance. In the structureshown in FIG. 5, a thickness-direction retardation of the C plate may bein the same range as the thickness-direction retardation of theretardation layer described above, for example, approximately 0 to 200nm or more than 0 to 200 nm. In addition, in the structure of FIG. 5,in-plane retardation of the positive uniaxial retardation film may be inthe same range as the in-plane retardation of the retardation layerdescribed above.

In another example, the retardation layer may include a positive biaxialretardation film. When the positive biaxial retardation film isincluded, the retardation layer may have a monolayer structure includingthe film, or a multilayer structure including the positive biaxialretardation film and another retardation film.

In the monolayer structure of the positive biaxial retardation film, anangle between a slow axis of the positive biaxial retardation film and alight absorption axis of an absorbing polarizer may be approximately 30to 60 or 40 to 50 degrees, or approximately 45 degrees. In such arelationship, the polarizing plate may exhibit suitable performance. Inthis structure, a thickness-direction retardation of the biaxialretardation film may be in the same range as the thickness-directionretardation of the retardation layer. For example, thethickness-direction retardation of the positive biaxial retardation filmmay be approximately 160 nm or less, 120 nm or less, 10 to 110 nm or 40to 80 nm. In addition, in-plane retardation of the positive biaxialretardation film may be in the same range as the in-plane retardation ofthe retardation layer described above.

In the multilayer structure including the positive biaxial retardationfilm, the retardation layer may further include a positive uniaxialretardation film. In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, in the retardationlayer, a positive biaxial retardation film 1023 may be disposed closerto an absorbing polarizer 101 than a positive uniaxial retardation film1022.

In the structure shown in FIG. 6, a slow axis of the positive biaxialretardation film is parallel to a light absorption axis of the absorbingpolarizer, and an angle between the slow axis of the positive uniaxialretardation film and the light absorption axis of the absorbingpolarizer may be approximately 30 to 60 or 40 to 50 degrees, orapproximately 45 degrees. The term “vertical, perpendicular, horizontalor parallel” used herein refers to substantially vertical,perpendicular, horizontal or parallel in the range not damaging adesired effect. Therefore, each term may include an error within ±15,±10, ±5 or ±3 degrees.

In the structure shown in FIG. 6, a thickness-direction retardation ofthe positive biaxial retardation film may be in the same range as thethickness-direction retardation of the retardation layer describedabove. For example, in the structure of FIG. 6, the thickness-directionretardation of the positive biaxial retardation film may be 220, 190,180, 150, 130 or 100 nm or less. In addition, the thickness-directionretardation of the positive biaxial retardation film may be 10 or 40 nmor more.

In the structure shown in FIG. 6, the sum of in-plane retardation of thepositive biaxial retardation film and in-plane retardation of thepositive uniaxial retardation film may be controlled to be in the samerange as the in-plane retardation of the retardation layer. For example,the in-plane retardation of the respective films may be controlled suchthat the in-plane retardation of the positive biaxial retardation filmis in the range of 10 to 200 nm, the in-plane retardation of thepositive uniaxial retardation film is in the range of 100 to 200 nm, andthe sum thereof is in the range of the in-plane retardation of theretardation layer.

When the retardation layer including a positive biaxial retardation filmis a multilayer structure, the retardation layer may further include anegative biaxial retardation film. In this case, for example, as shownin FIG. 7, in a polarizing plate, a positive biaxial retardation film1023 may be disposed closer to an absorbing polarizer 101 than apositive biaxial retardation film 1024, or as shown in FIG. 8, anegative biaxial retardation film 1024 may be disposed closer to anabsorbing polarizer 101 than a positive biaxial retardation film 1023.

In the structure shown in FIG. 7, a slow axis of the positive biaxialretardation film may be parallel to a light absorption axis of theabsorbing polarizer. In addition, an angle between a slow axis of thenegative biaxial retardation film and a light absorption axis of theabsorbing polarizer may be approximately 30 to 60 or 40 to 50 degrees,or approximately 45 degrees.

In the structure of FIG. 7, the sum of thickness-direction retardationof the positive biaxial retardation film and thickness-directionretardation of the negative biaxial retardation film may be controlledto be in the range of the thickness-direction retardation of theretardation layer, for example, of 60 to 270, 90 to 240, 120 to 240 or150 to 220 nm. For example, the thickness-direction retardation of thepositive biaxial retardation film may be approximately 200 to 300 nm,approximately 200 to 270 nm, or approximately 240 nm, thethickness-direction retardation of the negative biaxial retardation filmmay be in the range of approximately 0 to −180 nm, and the sum may becontrolled to be in the above range. In addition, in the structure ofFIG. 7, the sum of in-plane retardation of the positive biaxialretardation film and in-plane retardation of the negative biaxialretardation film may be controlled to be in the range of the in-planeretardation of the retardation layer. For example, the in-planeretardation of the positive biaxial retardation film may be controlledto be in the range of approximately 10 to 200 nm, the in-planeretardation of the negative biaxial retardation film may be controlledto be in the range of approximately 100 to 200 nm, and the sum may becontrolled to be in the above range.

Meanwhile, in the structure of FIG. 8, an angle between a slow axis ofthe positive biaxial retardation film and a light absorption axis of theabsorbing polarizer may be approximately 30 to 60 or 40 to 50 degrees,or approximately 45 degrees. In addition, a slow axis of the negativebiaxial retardation film may be parallel to the light absorption axis ofthe absorbing polarizer.

In the structure of FIG. 8, the sum of thickness-direction retardationof the positive biaxial retardation film and thickness-directionretardation of the negative biaxial retardation film may be controlledto be in the range of the thickness-direction retardation of theretardation layer, for example, of 60 to 200, 70 to 180, 90 to 160 or100 to 155 nm. For example, the thickness-direction retardation of thepositive biaxial retardation film may be controlled to be approximately190 to 300 or 200 to 300 nm, or approximately 240 nm, thethickness-direction retardation of the negative biaxial retardation filmmay be controlled to be −60 to −180 nm, and the sum may be controlled tobe in the above range. In addition, in the structure of FIG. 8, the sumof in-plane retardation of the positive biaxial retardation film andin-plane retardation of the negative biaxial retardation film may becontrolled to be in the range of the in-plane retardation of theretardation layer. For example, the in-plane retardation of the positivebiaxial retardation film may be controlled to be approximately 190 to300 nm or 200 to 300 nm, or approximately 240 nm, the in-planeretardation of the negative biaxial retardation film may be controlledto be in the range of −60 to −180 nm, and the sum may be controlled tobe in the above range.

In another example, the retardation layer of the polarizing plate mayinclude a negative biaxial retardation film and a C plate. Theretardation layer may be a film in which the negative biaxialretardation film and the C plate are stacked. In such a case, forexample, as shown in FIG. 9, a C plate 1021 may be disposed closer to anabsorbing polarizer 101, or as shown in FIG. 10, a negative biaxialretardation film 1024 may be disposed closer to an absorbing polarizer101.

In the structure shown in FIG. 9, an angle between a slow axis of thenegative biaxial retardation film and a light absorption axis of theabsorbing polarizer may be approximately 30 to 60 or 40 to 50 degrees,or approximately 45 degrees. In such a relationship, the polarizingplate may exhibit suitable performance. In the structure of FIG. 9, thesum of thickness-direction retardation of the C plate andthickness-direction retardation of the negative biaxial retardation filmmay be controlled to be in the range of the thickness-directionretardation of the retardation layer, for example, of 70 o 250, 80 to220, 100 to 190 or 120 to 170 nm. For example, the thickness-directionretardation of the negative biaxial retardation film may be controlledto be approximately 0 to −170 nm, the thickness-direction retardation ofthe C plate may be controlled to be approximately 200 to 300 nm or 240nm, and the sum may be controlled to be in the range. In addition, inthe structure of FIG. 9, in-plane retardation of the negative biaxialretardation film may be controlled to be in the range of the in-planeretardation of the retardation layer described above.

In the structure of FIG. 10, an angle between a slow axis of thenegative biaxial retardation film and a light absorption axis of theabsorbing polarizer may be, for example, approximately 30 to 60 degreesor 40 to 50 degrees, or approximately 45 degrees. In such arelationship, the polarizing plate may exhibit suitable performance. Inthe structure of FIG. 10, the sum of thickness-direction retardation ofthe C plate and thickness-direction retardation of the negative biaxialretardation film may be controlled to be in the range of thethickness-direction retardation of the retardation layer, for example,of 50 to 250, 70 to 230, 90 to 200 or 110 to 180 nm. For example, thethickness-direction retardation of the negative biaxial retardation filmmay be controlled to be approximately 0 to −160 nm, thethickness-direction retardation of the C plate may be controlled to beapproximately 200 to 300 nm or approximately 230 nm, and the sum may becontrolled to be in the above range. In addition, in the structure ofFIG. 10, in-plane retardation of the negative biaxial retardation filmmay be controlled to be in the range of the in-plane retardation of theretardation layer.

The positive uniaxial retardation film, positive or negative biaxialretardation film or C plate may be, for example, a polymer film orliquid crystal film. For example, the polymer film may be formed using alight-transmitting polymer film capable of providing optical anisotropydue to stretching by a suitable method, or the liquid crystal layer maybe formed by orienting a liquid crystal compound. In addition, anon-stretched polymer film may be used as long as it has the opticalanisotropy. In one example, as the polymer film, a film having a lighttransmittance of 70, 80 or 85% or more and manufactured by an absorbentcasting method may be used. The polymer film may generally be a filmhaving a thickness of approximately 3 mm or less, 1 μm to 1 mm, or 5 to500 μm in consideration of producibility of a uniformly-stretched film.

For example, the polymer film may be a polyolefin film such as apolyethylene film or polypropylene film, a cycloolefin polymer (COP)film such as a polynorbornene film, a polyvinylchloride film, apolyacrylonitrile film, a polysulfone film, a polyacrylate film, a PVAfilm or a cellulose ester-based polymer film such as a triacetylcellulose (TAC) film, or a copolymer film of at least two of themonomers forming the polymer. In one example, the polymer film may be aCOP film or acryl film. Here, as the COP, a ring-opening polymer orhydrogenated product of cycloolefin such as norbornene, anaddition-polymer of cycloolefin, a copolymer of cycloolefin and anothercomonomer such as alpha-olefin, or a graft polymer formed by modifyingthe polymer or copolymer with an unsaturated carboxylic acid orderivative thereof may be used, but the present application is notlimited thereto. The positive uniaxial retardation film, positive ornegative biaxial retardation film or C plate may also be formed using aliquid crystal film known to form each film in the related art.

The retardation films or the retardation layer and absorbing polarizermay form optical films attached to each other by a suitablepressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive. The retardation film orretardation layer and the absorbing polarizer may be directly attachedby the adhesive layer or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and whennecessary, may be attached by further including a primer layer.

A method of attaching the retardation films to each other or theretardation film to the polarizer is not particularly limited. Forexample, a method of coating an adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesivecomposition on one surface of the polarizer or retardation film andcuring the adhesive composition after lamination, or laminating thepolarizer or retardation films by a dropping method using an adhesive orpressure-sensitive adhesive composition and curing the composition maybe used. Here, the curing of the composition may be performed byradiating active energy rays having a suitable strength with a suitableintensity of radiation in consideration of components included in thecomposition.

In addition, the polarizing plate may further include a polarizerprotective film present on one surface of the polarizer, for example,between the polarizer and the retardation layer or one or both surfacesopposite to a surface in contact with the retardation layer of thepolarizer. A kind of the polarizer protective film used herein is notparticularly limited, and all conventional films known in the relatedart may be used.

Another aspect of the present application provides a display. Theillustrative display may include the polarizing plate described above.

A specific kind of display including the polarizing plate is notparticularly limited. The display may be a liquid crystal display suchas a reflective or transflective liquid crystal display, or an organiclight emitting device.

In the display, an arrangement of the polarizing plate is notparticularly limited, and a known arrangement may be employed. Forexample, in the reflective liquid crystal display, the polarizing platemay be used as any one of polarizing plates of a liquid crystal panel toprevent reflection of external light and ensure visibility. In addition,in the organic light emitting device, to prevent reflection of externallight and ensure visibility, the polarizing plate may be disposedoutside an electrode layer of the organic light emitting device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

An illustrative polarizing plate can exhibit desired characteristics ina wide range of wavelengths, and have excellent reflection andvisibility at an inclined angle. In one embodiment, the polarizing platecan be used in a reflective or transflective liquid crystal display oran organic light emitting device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an illustrative polarizing plate.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing x, y and z axes of a retardationfilm.

FIG. 3 is a diagram explaining an inclined angle and a radial angle.

FIGS. 4 to 10 are schematic diagrams of illustrative polarizing plates.

FIGS. 11 to 27 are diagrams showing results of evaluating reflectivityof a polarizing plate or omnidirectional colorimetric characteristics inExamples and Comparative Examples.

DESCRIPTION OF THE MARKS

-   -   100: the retardation film    -   101: the polarizer    -   102: the retardation layer    -   1021: the C plate    -   1022: the positive uniaxial retardation film    -   1023: the positive biaxial retardation film    -   1024: the negative biaxial retardation film

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, the polarizing plate will be described with reference toExamples and Comparative Examples in detail. However, the scope of thepolarizing plate is not limited to the following Examples.

1. In-Plane or Thickness-Direction Retardation

In-plane or thickness-direction retardation of a retardation film wasmeasured with respect to light having a wavelength of 550 nm using anAxoscan tool (Axomatrics) capable of measuring 16 Muller matrixes. 16 ofthe Muller matrixes were obtained according to the manual of themanufacturer using the Axoscan tool, and thereby retardation wasextracted.

2. Evaluation of Reflectivity and Omnidirectional ColorimetricCharacteristic

Reflectivity at an inclined angle of 50 degrees was measured bymeasuring an albedo at an inclined angle of 50 degrees of light having awavelength of 400 to 700 nm on the side of an absorbing polarizer of thepolarizing plate manufactured in Example or Comparative Example using aspectrometer (N&K). In addition, an omnidirectional colorimetriccharacteristic of the polarizing plate was measured by a method ofmeasuring the albedo and colorimetric characteristic at a predeterminedviewing angle according to the manual of the manufacturer usingEZ-contrast equipment produced by Eldim.

Example 1

A polarizing plate was manufactured using a liquid crystal film havingin-plane retardation of approximately 137.5 nm as a positive uniaxialretardation film and a known polymer film (having a thickness-directionretardation of 0 to 150 nm) exhibiting characteristics of a C plate as aC plate. Particularly, a polarizing plate having a structure shown inFIG. 5 was manufactured by sequentially stacking a PVA absorbingpolarizer, the positive uniaxial retardation film and the C plate.During the manufacture, an angle between a light absorption axis of thepolarizer and a slow axis of the positive uniaxial retardation film wasdesigned to be approximately 45 degrees.

FIG. 11 shows a reflectivity at an inclined angle of 50 degrees measuredby continuously changing a thickness-direction retardation of the Cplate from 0 to 150 nm in the structure described above, and FIG. 12 isa diagram showing an omnidirectional colorimetric characteristic of thepolarizing plate in the structure. FIG. 12(a) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe C plate having a thickness-direction retardation of 0 nm is applied,FIG. 12(b) shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50degrees in the structure to which the C plate having athickness-direction retardation of 30 nm was applied, FIG. 12(c) shows acolorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in thestructure to which the C plate having a thickness-direction retardationof 60 nm was applied, FIG. 12(d) shows a colorimetric characteristic ata radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to which the C platehaving a thickness-direction retardation of 90 nm was applied, FIG.12(e) shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50degrees in the structure to which the C plate having athickness-direction retardation of 120 nm was applied, and FIG. 12(f)shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees inthe structure to which the C plate having a thickness-directionretardation of 150 nm was applied.

Example 2

A polarizing plate was manufactured using a polymer film having in-planeretardation of approximately 137.5 nm as a positive biaxial retardationfilm. Particularly, a polarizing plate was manufactured by sequentiallystacking a PVA absorbing polarizer and the positive biaxial retardationfilm. During the manufacture, an angle between a light absorption axisof the polarizer and a slow axis of the positive biaxial retardationfilm was designed to be approximately 45 degrees.

FIG. 13 shows a reflectivity at an inclined angle of 50 degrees measuredby continuously changing a thickness-direction retardation of thepositive biaxial retardation film from 0 to 120 nm in the structuredescribed above, and FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an omnidirectionalcolorimetric characteristic of the polarizing plate in the structure.FIG. 14(a) shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50degrees in the structure to which the positive biaxial retardation filmhaving a thickness-direction retardation of 0 nm was applied, FIG. 14(b)shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees inthe structure to which the positive biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of 30 nm was applied, FIG. 14(c) shows acolorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in thestructure to which the positive biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of 60 nm was applied, FIG. 14(d) shows acolorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in thestructure to which the positive biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of 90 nm was applied, and FIG. 14(e)shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees inthe structure to which the positive biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of 120 nm was applied.

Example 3

A polarizing plate was manufactured using a liquid crystal film havingin-plane retardation of approximately 137.5 nm as a positive uniaxialretardation film, and a polymer film having in-plane retardation ofapproximately 90 nm as a positive biaxial retardation film.Particularly, a polarizing plate having the structure shown in FIG. 6was manufactured by sequentially stacking a PVA absorbing polarizer, thepositive biaxial retardation film and the positive uniaxial retardationfilm. The polarizing plate had the structure shown in FIG. 6, but had apolarizer protective film (TAC film) having a thickness-directionretardation of approximately −60 nm and in-plane retardation ofapproximately 2 to 3 nm between a polarizer 101 and a positive biaxialretardation film 1023 of the polarizing plate. During the manufacture,an angle between a light absorption axis of the polarizer and a slowaxis of the positive uniaxial retardation film was designed to beapproximately 45 degrees, and an angle between the light absorption axisand a slow axis of the positive biaxial retardation film was designed tobe approximately 0 degrees. FIG. 15 shows a reflectivity at an inclinedangle of 50 degrees measured by continuously changing athickness-direction retardation of the positive biaxial retardation filmfrom 60 to 260 nm in the structure described above, and FIG. 16 is adiagram showing an omnidirectional colorimetric characteristic of thepolarizing plate in the structure. FIG. 16(a) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe positive biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of 60 nm was applied, FIG. 16(b) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe positive biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of 90 nm was applied, FIG. 16(c) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe positive biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of 120 nm was applied, FIG. 16(d) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe positive biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of 150 nm was applied, FIG. 16(e) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe positive biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of 180 nm was applied, FIG. 16(f) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe positive biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of 210 nm was applied, and FIG. 16(g) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe positive biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of 240 nm was applied.

Example 4

A polarizing plate was manufactured using a liquid crystal film havingin-plane retardation of approximately 137.5 nm as a positive uniaxialretardation film, and a polymer film having in-plane retardation ofapproximately 90 nm as a positive biaxial retardation film.Particularly, a polarizing plate having the structure shown in FIG. 6was manufactured by sequentially stacking a PVA absorbing polarizer, thepositive biaxial retardation film and the positive uniaxial retardationfilm, but a TAC film was not disposed between a polarizer 101 and apositive biaxial retardation film 1023, unlike Example 3. During themanufacture, an angle between a light absorption axis of the polarizerand a slow axis of the positive uniaxial retardation film was designedto be approximately 45 degrees, and an angle between the lightabsorption axis and a slow axis of the positive biaxial retardation filmwas designed to be approximately 0 degrees.

FIG. 17 shows a reflectivity at an inclined angle of 50 degrees measuredby continuously changing a thickness-direction retardation of thepositive biaxial retardation film from 0 to 150 nm in the structuredescribed above, and FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an omnidirectionalcolorimetric characteristic of the polarizing plate in the structure.FIG. 18(a) shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50degrees in the structure to which the positive biaxial retardation filmhaving a thickness-direction retardation of 0 nm was applied, FIG. 18(b)shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees inthe structure to which the positive biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of 30 nm was applied, FIG. 18(c) shows acolorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in thestructure to which the positive biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of 60 nm was applied, FIG. 18(d) shows acolorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in thestructure to which the positive biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of 90 nm was applied, FIG. 18(e) shows acolorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in thestructure to which the positive biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of 120 nm was applied, and FIG. 18(f)shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees inthe structure to which the positive biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of 150 nm was applied.

Example 5

A polarizing plate was manufactured using a polymer film having in-planeretardation of approximately 90 nm as a positive biaxial retardationfilm, and a polymer film having in-plane retardation of approximately137.5 nm as a negative biaxial retardation film. Particularly, apolarizing plate having the structure shown in FIG. 7 was manufacturedby sequentially stacking a PVA absorbing polarizer, the positive biaxialretardation film and the negative biaxial retardation film. During themanufacture, an angle between a light absorption axis of the polarizerand a slow axis of the positive biaxial retardation film was designed tobe approximately 0 degrees, and an angle between the light absorptionaxis and a slow axis of the negative biaxial retardation film wasdesigned to be approximately 45 degrees.

FIG. 19 shows a reflectivity at an inclined angle of 50 degrees measuredby continuously changing a sum of thickness-direction retardation of thepositive biaxial retardation film and the negative biaxial retardationfilm from 90 to 240 nm in the structure described above, and FIG. 20 isa diagram showing an omnidirectional colorimetric characteristic of thepolarizing plate in the structure. In the measurement of thereflectivity shown in FIG. 19, the thickness-direction retardation ofthe positive biaxial retardation film was fixed to 240 nm, and thethickness-direction retardation of the negative biaxial retardation filmwas changed. FIG. 20(a) shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radialangle of 50 degrees in the structure to which the positive biaxialretardation film having a thickness-direction retardation of 60 nm andthe negative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of −180 nm were applied, FIG. 20(b) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe positive biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of 240 nm and the negative biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of −150 nm were applied, FIG. 20(c)shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees inthe structure to which the positive biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of 240 nm and the negative biaxialretardation film having a thickness-direction retardation of −120 nmwere applied, FIG. 20(d) shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radialangle of 50 degrees in the structure to which the positive biaxialretardation film having a thickness-direction retardation of 240 nm andthe negative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of −90 nm were applied, FIG. 20(e) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe positive biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of 240 nm and the negative biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of −60 nm were applied, and FIG. 20(fshows a colorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees inthe structure to which the positive biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of 240 nm and the negative biaxialretardation film having a thickness-direction retardation of −30 nm wereapplied.

Example 6

A polarizing plate was manufactured using a polymer film having in-planeretardation of approximately 137.5 nm as a positive biaxial retardationfilm, and a polymer film having in-plane retardation of approximately−100 nm as a negative biaxial retardation film. Particularly, apolarizing plate having the structure shown in FIG. 8 was manufacturedby sequentially stacking a PVA absorbing polarizer, the negative biaxialretardation film and the positive biaxial retardation film. During themanufacture, an angle between a light absorption axis of the polarizerand a slow axis of the positive biaxial retardation film was designed tobe approximately 45 degrees, and an angle between the light absorptionaxis and a slow axis of the negative biaxial retardation film wasdesigned to be approximately 0 degrees. FIG. 21 shows a reflectivity atan inclined angle of 50 degrees measured by continuously changing a sumof thickness-direction retardation of the positive biaxial retardationfilm and the negative biaxial retardation film from 60 to 180 nm in thestructure described above, and FIG. 22 is a diagram showing anomnidirectional colorimetric characteristic of the polarizing plate inthe structure. In the measurement of the reflectivity shown in FIG. 21,the thickness-direction retardation of the positive biaxial retardationfilm was fixed to 180 nm, and the thickness-direction retardation of thenegative biaxial retardation film was changed. FIG. 22(a) shows acolorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in thestructure to which the positive biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of 180 nm and the negative biaxialretardation film having a thickness-direction retardation of −120 nmwere applied, FIG. 22(b) shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radialangle of 50 degrees in the structure to which the positive biaxialretardation film having a thickness-direction retardation of 180 nm andthe negative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of −90 nm were applied, FIG. 22(c) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe positive biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of 180 nm and the negative biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of −60 nm were applied, FIG. 22(d) showsa colorimetric characteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in thestructure to which the positive biaxial retardation film having athickness-direction retardation of 180 nm and the negative biaxialretardation film having a thickness-direction retardation of −30 nm wereapplied, and FIG. 22(e) shows a colorimetric characteristic at a radialangle of 50 degrees in the structure to which the positive biaxialretardation film having a thickness-direction retardation of 180 nm andthe negative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of 0 nm were applied.

Example 7

A polarizing plate was manufactured using a polymer film having athickness-direction retardation of approximately 240 nm as a C plate,and a polymer film having in-plane retardation of approximately 137.5 nmas a negative biaxial retardation film. Particularly, a polarizing platehaving the structure shown in FIG. 9 was manufactured by sequentiallystacking a PVA absorbing polarizer, the C plate and the negative biaxialretardation film. During the manufacture, an angle between a lightabsorption axis of the polarizer and a slow axis of the negative biaxialretardation film was designed to be approximately 45 degrees. FIG. 23shows a reflectivity at an inclined angle of 50 degrees measured bycontinuously changing a sum of thickness-direction retardation of the Cplate and the negative biaxial retardation film from 70 to 220 nm in thestructure described above, and FIG. 24 is a diagram showing anomnidirectional colorimetric characteristic of the polarizing plate inthe structure. In the measurement of the reflectivity shown in FIG. 23,the thickness-direction retardation of the C plate was fixed to 240 nm,and the thickness-direction retardation of the negative biaxialretardation film was changed. FIG. 24(a) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe C plate having a thickness-direction retardation of 240 nm and thenegative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of −130 nm were applied, FIG. 24(b) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe C plate having a thickness-direction retardation of 240 nm and thenegative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of −100 nm were applied, FIG. 24(c) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe C plate having a thickness-direction retardation of 240 nm and thenegative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of −90 nm were applied, FIG. 24(d) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe C plate having a thickness-direction retardation of 240 nm and thenegative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of −60 nm were applied, FIG. 24(e) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe C plate having a thickness-direction retardation of 240 nm and thenegative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of −30 nm were applied, and FIG. 24(f) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe C plate having a thickness-direction retardation of 240 nm and thenegative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of 0 nm were applied.

Example 8

A polarizing plate was manufactured using a polymer film having athickness-direction retardation of approximately 230 nm as a C plate,and a polymer film having in-plane retardation of approximately 137.5 nmas a negative biaxial retardation film. Particularly, a polarizing platehaving the structure shown in FIG. 10 was manufactured by sequentiallystacking a PVA absorbing polarizer, the negative biaxial retardationfilm and the C plate. During the manufacture, an angle between a lightabsorption axis of the polarizer and a slow axis of the negative biaxialretardation film was designed to be approximately 45 degrees.

FIG. 25 shows a reflectivity at an inclined angle of 50 degrees measuredby continuously changing a sum of thickness-direction retardation of theC plate and the negative biaxial retardation film from 70 to 220 nm inthe structure described above, and FIG. 26 is a diagram showing anomnidirectional colorimetric characteristic of the polarizing plate inthe structure. In the measurement of the reflectivity shown in FIG. 25,the thickness-direction retardation of the C plate was fixed to 230 nm,and the thickness-direction retardation of the negative biaxialretardation film was changed. FIG. 26(a) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe C plate having a thickness-direction retardation of 230 nm and thenegative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of −150 nm were applied, FIG. 26(b) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe C plate having a thickness-direction retardation of 230 nm and thenegative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of −120 nm were applied, FIG. 26(c) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe C plate having a thickness-direction retardation of 230 nm and thenegative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of −90 nm were applied, FIG. 26(d) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe C plate having a thickness-direction retardation of 230 nm and thenegative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of −60 nm were applied, FIG. 26(e) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe C plate having a thickness-direction retardation of 230 nm and thenegative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of −30 nm were applied, and FIG. 26(f) shows a colorimetriccharacteristic at a radial angle of 50 degrees in the structure to whichthe C plate having a thickness-direction retardation of 230 nm and thenegative biaxial retardation film having a thickness-directionretardation of 0 nm were applied.

Comparative Example 1

A polarizing plate was manufactured by attaching a polymer film havingin-plane retardation of approximately 137.5 nm as a positive uniaxialretardation film on one surface of a PVA absorbing polarizer. During themanufacture, an angle between a light absorption axis of the polarizerand a slow axis of the positive uniaxial retardation film was designedto be approximately 45 degrees.

FIG. 27 shows a colorimetric characteristic of the polarizing platehaving the structure described above, which was measured at an inclinedangle of 50 degrees and a radial angle of 50 degrees. In addition, inComparative Example 1, a reflectivity at an inclined angle of 50 degreeswas approximately 14.9%.

What is claimed is:
 1. A polarizing plate, comprising: a polarizer; anda retardation layer that is laminated on one side of the polarizer, andthat comprises an uniaxial retardation film or a biaxial retardationfilm, wherein a reflectivity of the polarizing plate is 12% or less atan inclined angle of 50 degrees.
 2. The polarizing plate according toclaim 1, wherein a thickness-direction retardation of the retardationlayer is more than 0 nm and also not more than 300 nm.
 3. The polarizingplate according to claim 1, of which a reflectivity at all radial anglesmeasured at the inclined angle of 50 degrees is 12% or less.
 4. Thepolarizing plate according to claim 1, wherein the retardation layersatisfies the following Formula 7;R(450)/R(550)<R(650)/R(550)  [Formula 7] where R(450) is in-planeretardation of the retardation layer with respect to light having awavelength of 450 nm, R(550) is in-plane retardation of the retardationlayer with respect to light having a wavelength of 550 nm, and R(650) isin-plane retardation of the retardation layer with respect to lighthaving a wavelength of 650 nm.
 5. The polarizing plate according toclaim 1, wherein the retardation layer comprises a positive uniaxialretardation film and a C plate.
 6. The polarizing plate according toclaim 5, wherein the C plate is disposed closer to the polarizer thanthe positive uniaxial retardation film.
 7. The polarizing plateaccording to claim 6, wherein an angle between a slow axis of thepositive uniaxial retardation film and a light absorption axis of thepolarizer is from 40 degrees to 50 degrees.
 8. The polarizing plateaccording to claim 6, wherein a thickness-direction retardation of the Cplate is from 0 nm to 200 nm.
 9. The polarizing plate according to claim5, wherein the positive uniaxial retardation film is disposed closer tothe polarizer than the C plate.
 10. The polarizing plate according toclaim 9, wherein an angle between a slow axis of the positive uniaxialretardation film and a light absorption axis of the polarizer is from 40degrees to 50 degrees.
 11. The polarizing plate according to claim 9,wherein a thickness-direction retardation of the C plate is from 0 nm200 nm.
 12. The polarizing plate according to claim 1, wherein theretardation layer includes a positive biaxial retardation film.
 13. Thepolarizing plate according to claim 12, wherein an angle between a slowaxis of the positive biaxial retardation film and a light absorptionaxis of the polarizer is from 40 degrees to 50 degrees.
 14. Thepolarizing plate according to claim 12, wherein a thickness-directionretardation of the positive biaxial retardation film is 160 nm or less.15. The polarizing plate according to claim 12, wherein the retardationlayer further comprises a positive uniaxial retardation film, and thepositive biaxial retardation film is disposed closer to the polarizerthan the positive uniaxial retardation film.
 16. The polarizing plateaccording to claim 15, wherein the slow axis of the positive biaxialretardation film is parallel to the light absorption axis of thepolarizer, and an angle between a slow axis of the positive uniaxialretardation film and the light absorption axis of the polarizer is from40 degrees to 50 degrees.
 17. The polarizing plate according to claim15, wherein a thickness-direction retardation of the positive biaxialretardation film is 220 nm or less.
 18. The polarizing plate accordingto claim 11, wherein the retardation layer further comprises a negativebiaxial retardation film, and the positive biaxial retardation film isdisposed closer to the polarizer than the negative biaxial retardationfilm.
 19. The polarizing plate according to claim 18, wherein the slowaxis of the positive biaxial retardation film is parallel to the lightabsorption axis of the polarizer, and an angle between a slow axis ofthe negative biaxial retardation film and the light absorption axis ofthe polarizer is from 40 degrees to 50 degrees.
 20. The polarizing plateaccording to claim 18, wherein the sum of a thickness-directionretardation of the positive biaxial retardation film and athickness-direction retardation of the negative biaxial retardation filmis from 60 nm to 270 nm.
 21. The polarizing plate according to claim 11,wherein the retardation layer further includes a negative biaxialretardation film, and the negative biaxial retardation film is disposedcloser to the polarizer than the positive biaxial retardation film. 22.The polarizing plate according to claim 21, wherein an angle between theslow axis of the positive biaxial retardation film and the lightabsorption axis of the polarizer is from 40 degrees to 50 degrees, and aslow axis of the negative biaxial retardation film is parallel to thelight absorption axis of the polarizer.
 23. The polarizing plateaccording to claim 21, wherein the sum of a thickness-directionretardation of the positive biaxial retardation film and athickness-direction retardation of the negative biaxial retardation filmis from 60 nm to 200 nm.
 24. The polarizing plate according to claim 1,wherein the retardation layer includes a negative biaxial retardationfilm and a C plate.
 25. The polarizing plate according to claim 24,wherein the C plate is disposed closer to the polarizer than thenegative biaxial retardation film.
 26. The polarizing plate according toclaim 25, wherein an angle between a slow axis of the negative biaxialretardation film and a light absorption axis of the polarizer is from 40degrees to 50 degrees.
 27. The polarizing plate according to claim 25,wherein the sum of a thickness-direction retardation of the C plate anda thickness-direction retardation of the negative biaxial retardationfilm is from 70 nm to 250 nm.
 28. The polarizing plate according toclaim 24, wherein the negative biaxial retardation film is disposedcloser to the polarizer than the C plate.
 29. The polarizing plateaccording to claim 28, wherein an angle between a slow axis of thenegative biaxial retardation film and the light absorption axis of thepolarizer is from 40 degrees to 50 degrees.
 30. The polarizing plateaccording to claim 28, wherein the sum of a thickness-directionretardation of the C plate and a thickness-direction retardation of thenegative biaxial retardation film is from 50 nm to 250 nm.
 31. A displaycomprising the polarizing plate of claim 1.